Writing essay conclusions
Good Argumentative Topics For Middle School
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Producing a unique critical essay
Delivering a one of a kind basic exposition Basic exposition On the off chance that you are alloted to compose a basic exposition, you should investigate a work of another creator. It might be a logical undertaking, abstract arrangement, or any another work. It is imperative to realize how to make an audit appropriately. In this way, you will have the option to create an exceptional paper. It is vital to communicate your perspective on the investigated subject plainly. While investigating a specific issue, you have to think about it from various edges. Consequently, so as to create a unique basic focal point article, you have to inspect the subject dispassionately. Moreover, you should bolster the examined thoughts by giving convincing contentions. On the off chance that you need to make certain of covering the subject completely, pick the one that you are keen on. What's more, you ought not compose your work in the principal individual particular. The fact is that you have to explore the issue altogether and not exclusively to introduce your sincere belief about it. Draw in Readers Attention Note that you should deliver a fabulous basic investigation exposition. The fact of the matter is that not every person knows about the dissected creation. In this way, when perusing your audit, clients will choose whether the talked about work merits their consideration or not. You should begin with making an infectious title. It should show perusers your paper. Note that it ought to delineate the main issue of the work. On the off chance that you pick an effective technique for talking about the issue, your bit of composing will be perused from spread to cover. What is a basic exposition without amazing proof? It won't be viewed as an exhaustive audit. Subsequently, you have to introduce inevitable realities to build up your thoughts. One all the more method to make your work engaging is to contrast the communicated perspective and a couple of contradicting ones. It will make your paper sensible. Successful Approach So as to compose nitty gritty audit, you have to dissect the subject completely. For this situation, you ought to apply your explanatory abilities. On the off chance that you are acceptable at the analyzed subject, you won't experience any troubles with investigating it. Hence, you should concentrate on the primary thought and talk about it. It is superfluous to cover a couple of focuses without a moment's delay. It might confound perusers and won't let you depict the issue appropriately. So as to see how to compose a basic article in the correct manner, investigate the accompanying model: When composing a scholarly work in Statistics, you have to give hard information. What's more, you should make all computations applying to legitimate recipes. Contentions ought to be firmly identified with the theme. Abstain from presenting new realities. Brain the Writing Style So as to compose a paper of predominant quality, you have to utilize powerful composing strategies and give solid contentions. For example, while creating a coursework in English, you have to dissect various methods of communicating assessment on the inspected issues. While setting up your basic exposition, you may examine crafted by a specific creator by introducing perspectives of different researchers on it. It is imperative to accumulate significant material on the subject to give perusers itemized depiction. Consequently, you may utilize cites, draw tables, refer to models, and so on.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Letter Writing 101
Letter Writing 101 Letter Writing 101 Letter Writing 101 By Ali Hale Individuals have been composing letters for quite a long time. Prior to the phone and the Internet, sending a letter (by emissary, and later by post) was the best way to speak with somebody who was geologically removed. Indeed, even with all our cutting edge innovation, letters havenââ¬â¢t become out of date. The greater part of us will compose numerous letters during our business life: maybe including a covering letter to go with our resume, a letter to be sent to customers, or a thank you letter after a meeting or other chance. In this article, Iââ¬â¢ll take you through the regular kinds of letters that youââ¬â¢re prone to need to compose eventually. Iââ¬â¢ll offer general and explicit counsel which should support you if youââ¬â¢re speechless or uncertain how to structure a letter. You may need to bookmark this page so you can allude back to it when you need it! Iââ¬â¢ll spread business letters first, at that point notice a few hints for individual letters as well. Business Letters The standard configuration of a business letter changes from nation to nation, and norms frequently arenââ¬â¢t unchangeable. In the event that youââ¬â¢re not certain how your letter ought to be spread out, check Daily Writing Tipsââ¬â¢ rules on How to Format a US Business Letter and How to Format a UK Business Letter. A snappy tip if youââ¬â¢re as yet battling about design: glance through your correspondence, discover a business letter (in a perfect world one from the organization that youââ¬â¢re writing to), and utilize their arrangement as a model. Here are four additional focuses to think about: 1. You should utilize a straightforward, standard text style, for example, Arial or Times New Roman for business letters, and a text dimension of 10-12 pt (contingent upon the textual style). Regardless of whether your letter is short, donââ¬â¢t utilize an enormous text dimension to expand the space it takes up on the page â⬠this will look amateurish. This goes particularly for scholars, who are frequently enticed to utilize extravagant textual styles and design. 2. You ought to never handwrite a business letter. Be that as it may, you may send a concise manually written note on a printed praises slip, in lieu of a letter. 3. For all business letters, you should remember your crowd. Donââ¬â¢t use business language when youââ¬â¢re keeping in touch with clients, for example. Keep your letters as short as conceivable â⬠in the event that you need in excess of a page, consider whether the data may be better conveyed in a flyer or pamphlet. 4. Continuously check your spelling and edit your letters; if conceivable, ask another person in your organization to experience them. Itââ¬â¢s astounding how slip-ups can slip past your eyes: mistakes can modify your significance and may confound or even annoy the beneficiary. Employment forms When composing a letter as a major aspect of a request for employment, recollect that it will give the business their initial introduction of you. Continuously: Guarantee that you have given all the data mentioned. Notice any walled in areas (for the most part your resume and maybe an application structure). Address the letter to ââ¬Å"Mr Smithâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Mrs Jonesâ⬠, instead of utilizing their first name. On the off chance that you are uncertain of the sex of the beneficiary, utilize their first name and last name, (for example, ââ¬Å"Sam Jonesâ⬠). Hereââ¬â¢s a case of the beginning of an application letter: Dear Mr Smith: Application for the Junior Manager Role, ref: 123A I am writing to go after the job of Junior Manager, as promoted on your site. If it's not too much trouble discover my resume encased. I accept that I would be a perfect fit for this job, as I meet the entirety of the prerequisites hands on detail. Specifically, my verbally expressed relational abilities are remarkable (as should be obvious from my resume, I captained the discussing group at my school). Business Thank You Letters In a business setting, thank you letters are regularly fitting and anticipated. At the point when you have gone to a meeting, it is viewed as gracious to send a card to say thanks â⬠and it could hurt your odds of landing the position in the event that you donââ¬â¢t do this. You may likewise send a thank you letter when somebody has offered you their time and guidance. All in all, you should: Make it clear that youââ¬â¢re writing to thank the beneficiary. Notice a particular detail of how they helped you. Offer your thanks for the time or exertion they spent. Abstain from blaming the letter only so as to advance yourself (however on the off chance that you are following up a meeting, itââ¬â¢s fitting to feature your appropriateness for the activity). A model section from a thank you letter is: Much obliged to you for giving me your time on Friday eighteenth, when you sympathetically indicated me around the processing plant. It was interesting to perceive how the gadgets are produced, and I presently feel certain that I need to seek after a vocation in the gadget fabricating field. Iââ¬â¢ve connected my resume and miracle if youââ¬â¢d be sufficiently caring to keep it on document, on the off chance that any future positions emerge that I may be appropriate for? Letters of Complaint On the off chance that you have gotten poor help or have been disappointed with an item, you can keep in touch with the organization required to submit a question. To get the outcome you need, for example, a discount, follow these tips: Clarify obviously who you are according to the organization (eg. ââ¬Å"I am a XYZ customerâ⬠). Tell them precisely what youââ¬â¢re griping about, without utilizing enthusiastic or harsh language. Give explicit area, time and date if suitable. Clarify what you might want them to do accordingly. You may likewise need to incorporate a notice, for example, ââ¬Å"If this isn't settled, I will be compelled to take my business elsewhere.â⬠All through your letter of grumbling, your tone ought to be pleasant yet confident. Donââ¬â¢t make absurd dangers or request a preposterous pay â⬠yet in addition donââ¬â¢t be reluctant to educate them regarding the burden or money related misfortune that youââ¬â¢ve endured. You can work on composing a letter of objection here, or utilize the model beneath as a model: I as of late arranged a few gathering platters of food from your store in Littletown, including one platter of fish. The food was conveyed two hours late, and the fish platter was absent. I needed to burn through $40 to buy additional food at short notification for my gathering. This was badly designed, as I needed to head to the store when I had intended to be with my visitors. I have never utilized your gathering platter administration before, and lament to state that I especially question I will do so again except if you can guarantee me this was a detached episode. In spite of the fact that I was not charged for the fish platter, I would be appreciative for remuneration considering the burden â⬠and cost â⬠of purchasing substitution food at such a spur of the moment announcement. Individual Letters An insightful letter from a companion can light up anyoneââ¬â¢s day. The vast majority of us send messages instead of letters these days â⬠which implies that a letter will truly stick out. Regardless of whether youââ¬â¢d never ordinarily plunk down to compose a letter aside from in a business setting, there are two or three sorts of individual letter that youââ¬â¢ll need to acclimate yourself with: Letter of Condolence A letter of sympathy or letter of compassion is one which you send to somebody who has been dispossessed. It tends to be extremely hard to locate the correct words to state, however setting aside the effort to compose a letter or note instead of simply sending a ââ¬Å"With Sympathyâ⬠card will mean a great deal to the beneficiary. A few hints to endure at the top of the priority list are: Recognize the misfortune â⬠donââ¬â¢t bypass it. Express your compassion. Offer a concise account or memory of the expired, referencing the job s/he played in your life. Notice that your musings (and, if fitting for you and the beneficiary, your petitions) are with the deprived and their family. Note that if youââ¬â¢re keeping in touch with somebody old, itââ¬â¢s especially imperative to send a transcribed letter. A composed letter will frequently appear to be cold or even discourteous. All letters of sympathy will be extraordinary, however you may jump at the chance to utilize this model as a general guide: I was so sorry to learn that John had died. My feelings are with you as of now: I realize it must be exceptionally hard for you. John was so acceptable to me when I originally came to Littletown â⬠I recollect how he invited me into your congregation and caused me to feel totally at home. Iââ¬â¢ll miss him definitely. My considerations and supplications are with you, and with Johnny and Becca. Individual Thank You Letters At the point when somebody has given you a blessing or done you a specific kindness, itââ¬â¢s gracious to send them a card to say thanks or letter. You may do this by email â⬠yet you despite everything need to send a different note to every individual, instead of messaging a gathering of individuals. Much obliged to you letters are required is because of wedding blessings. You ought to send these through the post, and much of the time, you might need to handwrite them. Just as saying ââ¬Å"thank youâ⬠for the blessing, itââ¬â¢s frequently ideal to recognize the specific job that an individual played in your wedding â⬠regardless of whether thatââ¬â¢s trying to say ââ¬Å"We were satisfied to such an extent that you could come and be with us on the day.â⬠Different occasions when you could send a thank you letter include: For birthday and Christmas presents. When youââ¬â¢ve remained as a house visitor some place (this is at times called a ââ¬Å"bread-and-spread letterâ⬠). After somebody has offered you a dinner, a performance center excursion, a get-away or comparative. To your folks, grandparents or different family members who have gotten you out with a major buy or an advanced education. Your thank you letter doesnââ¬â¢t should be long. By and large, a couple of lines is bounty: Th
Friday, August 21, 2020
HelpWiyh Paper Management Software For Your Needs
HelpWiyh Paper Management Software For Your NeedsHelpWiyh is a free software application that can assist you in managing your business paper use. It can also help you find what papers are actually needed for the needs that you have. This is a great software application that can help in making sure that your businesses business goes smoothly with paper use and is helping you out a lot when it comes to office management.If you want to improve the way you handle your office paper needs, then this application is a must. It can help you get organized and it can help you make sure that everything is running smoothly in your company. This software helps to manage your paper needs and how you use them. It helps you know what documents you need and when you need them.The first thing you need to do when you're looking for help with managing your paper usage is to figure out what documents are due to be sent out. Try to create a schedule for when everything will be sent out. It's also important to know who will be handling those particular papers. A good idea is to make sure that everyone is on the same page and is all on the same page.The next important thing is to figure out how many different papers there are that need to be handled. If you have too many papers that you need to process, you may be overwhelmed. When you're dealing with too many different paper types, you're more likely to run into problems.Once you've figured out how many papers you need to process, you'll need to start thinking about how you're going to manage them. You'll need to set up your own system so that you know that everything is being handled properly. By setting up a system, you can make sure that you're getting everything handled correctly.HelpWiyh is an online solution that can help with managing paper. There are various paper types that need to be handled. One of the main benefits of this software is that it can save you time. You can easily find the proper papers to handle all of the dif ferent types of paper that are usually needed.It's great that HelpWiyh will help you sort through all of the paper types. It can help you sort through the number of papers that are due to be processed. It can also help you sort through the different papers that need to be processed quickly.Keep in mind that this online software can help you with office management. It can also help you get organized and it can help you streamline your processes. It's also good to know that it's a great tool for keeping your papers handled properly.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Thursday, May 14, 2020
A Fraternity And A Sorority At Ucla Were Suspended In 2015
A fraternity and a sorority at UCLA were suspended in 2015 for throwing a ââ¬Å"Kanye Westernâ⬠themed party in which the students were accused of wearing blackface as part of their costumes. Obviously, there is a zero-tolerance policy to those kinds of antics at a university, however, it only shows that todayââ¬â¢s culture is far from distancing itself from one of the oldest and most severe forms of racism. Blackface minstrelsy was one of the first American forms of entertainment and it provided a lens through which white America began to view black America in a harmful way. Decades later, hip hop emerged as a way to express resentment towards social oppression, it gave black people a sense of identity and culture through music. Although hip hopâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦These two groups put on costumes to essentially play the role of rappers in order to create a persona that amuses audiences. The problem with this is that they are in fact participating in the demoraliz ation of black hip hop artists and black people in general by mocking the basic part of their human identity. However, John Leland, an author and interviewee from Blacking Up, may disagree when he comments, ââ¬Å"Even minstrelsy at its worst contains good elementsâ⬠¦A kind of admirationâ⬠(Blacking Up 53:40). Sure, blackface pioneer Al Jolson may have shown a desire and curiosity to discover another raceââ¬â¢s way of life, however, there is no reason to go about it through the caricature of blacks. Granted, Jolson and other white rappers may have highlighted black music as a way to popularize the culture, but this still ignores the fact that white people have set themselves on a pedestal just to mock a race that they felt was inferior which significantly set back the black community in terms of social development. On the other hand, Brett Gelman of Crackââ¬â¢d Owt defends, ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t think what weââ¬â¢re doing is racist at allâ⬠(Blacking Up 45:50) . Sure, Crackââ¬â¢d Owtââ¬â¢s comedy act isnââ¬â¢t intentionally racist as their main purpose is to humor crowds and make money, but the two members still participate in racial prejudice against African Americans because the personas that they adopt only perpetuate the negative stereotypes of the black cultureââ¬âas if
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Worldview Essay - 786 Words
In this essay I will be explaining the difference between my worldview and others, but in order for to understand my worldviews or any other you must know the definition of the word worldview the meaning of it is found in the book Worldviews and Religion page 7 and it states ââ¬Å" The term worldview literally means ââ¬Ëa way of seeingââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ ( North American Division. 1998, p 7). My worldview is Theism, they are people who believe that there is a higher power watching over the world. They are the opposite of naturalism unlike theism they are the group of people who believe that there is no higher power they think that the world is created because of some scientific reason. I feel like that donââ¬â¢t make sense to me because what made that scientific thingâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Theism like I stated in the first paragraph is a worldview that believes that there is a higher power like Christianity they believe in God and Jesus Christ they believe that Jesus came down as a baby and saved us by dying on the cross. There are also some just believe in some other type of God. People believe that this worldview is wrong because they do not have any tangible evidence to have and/or see to me that kinda doesnt make sense because they ( Naturalism) donââ¬â¢t have any as well that the universe was made by a big bang or anything else of that sort. This debate can go back in forth but at the end of the day is it a belief and faith that these things are true. I personally feel like no worldview can say another worldview is wrong because it all drop to the same question ââ¬Å"Where is your proof?â⬠when it comes to religion and beliefs and canââ¬â¢t truly say who is actually right because there is no evidence on all the sides. They constantly go back and forth with this topic all over the world and no one has the true answer because none of us was there to see it and there is no document. They only thing theist has is the a book with stories. TheShow MoreRelatedChristian Worldview Essay Paper1121 Words à |à 5 PagesChristian Worldview Paper ââ¬â Second Draft Christine Reiter CWV 101 ââ¬â Christian World View 11/25/2012 Dr. Jim Uhley My Worldview My worldview is formed by my relationships, challenges and choices I have made, environmental surroundings and my family influence, all which have impressed on me my views of the world. According to Merriam-Websterââ¬â¢s Learners Dictionary, the definition of ââ¬Å"Worldviewâ⬠is ââ¬Å"The way someone thinks about the worldâ⬠. Although this simple phrase seems to the point, itRead MoreWorldview Essay : Worldview 1317 Words à |à 6 Pages Worldview Essay Many people see their lives as divided pieces that are separated with little connection to one another. This can be considered a dangerous perspective because it violates the whole purpose of Godââ¬â¢s created order. We find ourselves in a sticky situation because we tend to divide our lives into different categories, rather than focusing on the creation has one whole piece. In a dualistic view, we would consider prayer, church and worship to be sacred activities, while work, educationRead MoreWorldview Essay1398 Words à |à 6 PagesNovember 29, 2014 Jonathan Sharpe Worldview Essay This semester of Christian Worldview has been beneficial for me learning more about all different types of worldviews. I started this class with a Christian background but a clean slate of not knowing what my true worldview really was. As I went through the semester, I gained tons of new knowledge to help me understand how my opinions matched with the different worldviews. In the beginning of the semester I did a worldview outline answering seven questionsRead MoreWorldview Essay1313 Words à |à 6 PagesWorldview Essay Todayââ¬â¢s society consists of many worldviews. Most people tend to pull beliefs from different religions, but often stick to one main worldview. A worldview to me is the gathering of beliefs that shape what we do on a daily basis and forms our overall view on life. When I look at my beliefs critically, I am able to see my worldview and see how it compares to different worldviews, but also how it compares mainly to the Christian Worldview. My view of God is very similar to the non-denominationRead MoreWorldview Essay1033 Words à |à 5 PagesBiblical Worldview Essay (Romans 1-8) In the Book of Romans Paul wrote many letters answering questions about the human world, mankindââ¬â¢s relations with God, the natural world and most importantly the plan of salvation. Paul wrote these letters to tell the truth, to tell that no matter what race or religion, we are all sinner and the only way to truly become righteous is though faith in Jesus Christ. In Rome at that time you had two extremes of people, the heathens, and those who thought they wereRead MoreWorldview Essay1474 Words à |à 6 PagesConcept of Worldview The phrase ââ¬Å"worldviewâ⬠is a mental framework of all people and groups to interpret the nature of reality and the world we live in. It is philosophical, metaphysical or an ideological reality of the world we live in. The worldview is also used in understanding the law governing relationships among human beings, nature and the purpose of human life. They are attitudes and ideas about the world we live in and a thorough understanding of the systems of all the beliefs which hopeRead MoreEssay about Worldviews1934 Words à |à 8 PagesIntroduction: In this essay, I will critically discuss the statement of worldviews is essential for critical thinking in terms of learning at university. I will use my own experiences, Northedge, Bizzell, Hobson and Westonââ¬â¢s readings, as well as Veitch, Christensen and Thompsonââ¬â¢s lectures to support my thesis and main points, in terms of my life and experiences learning at university in a diverse culture. The thesis of my essay is we, as students, need to have our own worldview and learn to gain knowledgeRead MorePersonal Worldview Essay1002 Words à |à 5 PagesPersonal Worldview Essay My worldview has been shaped and expanded over the course of my lifetime by many different influences. My family, friends, coworkers, teachers, and even strangers have made impacts on my life that have in one way or another changed how I view society and the world around me. The three main components that help to form my worldview are Ethics, Human Nature, and God, because they molded my thoughts, experiences, education and life decisions. I feel the strongestRead MoreBiblical Worldview Essay913 Words à |à 4 PagesIntroduction What is a world view? A worldview is our philosophy for life and how we look at the world around us. It is our view on things such as life, death, politics and religion. Having a Christian worldview gives a basis of stability and morality, something non-Christian worldviews do not have. From a Christian worldview, we believe that God has created us in His image. Because we believe we are created in the image of God, we have a set of morals that we should uphold. As I am studyingRead MoreWorldview Essay972 Words à |à 4 PagesA worldview is the basis from which we view reality and make sense of life and the world around us (focusonthefamily). It is a combination of all you believe to be true and what you believe becomes the motivation behind every decision, action, and emotion you make, ultimately shaping your identity. As a Christian, it is important to have your own worldview and be familiar with the worldviews of others. One of the most effective and fruitful ways to engag e with non-Christian religions and ideas is
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Age Differences In Memory For Arousing And Non-Arousing Emotional Word
Question: Describe about study of cognition and emotion based on the journal Age differences in memory for arousing and non-arousing emotional words. Answer: Strength of the study Even as adults age, though there are many cognitive declines, the information with affective meaning conveyed to memory by socio-emotional processing are preserved. Older adults, on par with the younger counterparts are fast to detect emotional information and are most likely to remember affective and self-relevant information compared to other types of neutral details. The age-related change termed positivity effect in emotional memory has been observed where in older adults tend to remember positive non-arousing emotional words more when compared to younger adults who tend to remember the negative words more. However, an interesting observation made in this study by Elizabeth A. Kensinger demonstrates that the positivity effect was not observed with arousing emotional words where the older adults remembered both positive and negative words well enough. The findings of the study concluded that while aging preserves processing of arousing information, the non-arousing information pro cessing is altered. The study also allows careful selection of individuals, community or a population to ensure that the study results would represent the population studied. That is, the experiments with the selected participants can be generalized to the population about which the information is being analyzed. Here, the participants selected for the two experiments were different and young and older adults were selected after screening for medications that could affect CNS and exclude people with history of alcoholism, drug abuse or any other psychological or neurological disorders. Assessing the validity of the findings for accuracy is made easy through these processes. Generalizing of the results based on one experiment is not possible and does not yield accurate results. It was another important strength of the study that it made replication possible and two experiments were conducted. One of the weaknesses of the first experiment was that during the experiment, the participants were aware of the fact that their memory was going to be tested using a free call text after they have studied the words where in many participants tried to memorize the words. This provides with a liability where in the participants could have been influenced by the knowledge that they were going to be tested. But in the second experiment conducted the participants did not know that a recognition memory task would be conducted later. The results in this experiment replicated that of the first. The quantitative data obtained as a result of the study makes analysis through inferential statistical tests possible. Weakness of the Study A weakness in this study could be the fact that the type of memory task and encoding intentions between the two experiments were changed. That is, the first experiment used recall test and the second used recognition memory task. In this case it becomes difficult to determine whether there was some kind of interaction between the two variables. Also, the possibility that intentionality could have played a role in the first experiments recall task and the possibility of the same being reversed for recognition tasks comparatively should be considered. Another weakness of the study is the fact that the enhancement for arousing items is supported by processing that is preserved with age but for complete elucidation of these processes further studies will be required. For instance, this study doesnt take into account the findings of the socio emotional selectivity theory according to which the age-related positivity effect found in older adults may be a result of older adults greater moti vation to process emotional information. Perceptions of time are a key element in human motivation and while the study has taken into account the chronological age of the participants, the time limit perception has not been taken into account questioning the accuracy of the results. Emphasizing the memory nature of the tests could have an impact on the performance of participants. The findings were concluded based on two experiments conducted. A key strength of the study includes the fact that it provided the researchers with a better and stronger control over the variables considered. The purpose of this study is to enable the experimenter to isolate one key variable selected, the independent variable in this case are the words to observe its effects on another variable, the dependant variable which in case is the effect on memory. Here seventy five words from five categories including neutral words, positive and negative non-arousing words and positive and negative arousing words were chosen from Affective norms of English Words (ANEW) and the experimenters had complete control over the word selection. The selection of words was based on similar valence ratios, word lengths, image ability and frequency. This kind of study makes establishing a cause effect relationship between the chosen variables and determines whether or not it is the independent variable that is influencing the dependent variable. Rationale and description of the follow-up study There are a number of studies that reveal that with aging the negativity effect decreases and the positivity effect increases or remain stable over the course of adult life (Carstensen and Mikel, 2005). Among older adults, the enhanced sense of well-being on a daily basis could be a reason for this positivity effect. As demonstrated by these studies and their employment of cross-sectional methods of analysis, it is likely that this emotional well-being may be a characteristic of older adults rather than a result of aging. The successful maintenance of positive effect by older adults may be related to time perspective changes and a greater robustness in processing emotional information (Charles, Reynolds and Gatz, 2001). A rationale for a follow up study is whether the age-related bias in an individual can be altered by his/her perspective in a particular task and whether the perceptive that an individual takes can impact the memory processing at the implicit memory level compared to explicit and conscious memories. The foundation for evaluating this trajectory is based on the socio emotional selectivity theory. According to the theory when people have no perception of time and view their tie available as unconstrained are less likely to regulate their emotions, such as the younger adults. The theory focuses on the basis that emotional goals increase with aging and states that as people become older there is a shift in their cognitive framework in which they tend to avoid the negative content more pronouncedly (Hoyle Sherill, 2006). It has also been demonstrated through studies that when changing perceptions are considered, younger adults can show positivity effect when their time is limited. For instance, younger adults with life threatening illnesses have demonstrated positivity effect (Fung, Lai and Ng, 2001). From the perspective of time, the emotional processing in this case is altered with relation to age whatsoever. Also, encouraging younger adults to focus on certain emotional states ha s also been found to influence positivity effect in them (Lockenhoff Carstensen, 2007). Studies demonstrate that older adults have increased focus on active emotional regulation comparatively (Magai et al, 2006; Lawton et al, 1992). That is, older people are more effective at down regulating moods and restoring the positivity after experiencing a negative mood onset (Kliegel, Jager and Philips, 2007). Also, cognitive processing must be accounted for when considering age-related studies. Emotions and cognitions are closely related and a persons cognitive quality can impact the way he/she remembers information (Ochsner and Gross, 2005). Therefore, positivity effect can be defined as an interaction between age and valence such that an older adults memory and memory processing time is devoted to negative stimuli in a much smaller proportion compared to large positive stimuli processing and the scenario is vice versa with younger adults (Mather, 2006). This age by valence interactions are found frequently in memory studies and according to some recent studies, the older adults memory preference for positivity is specific is specific to the memory of the words themselves and does not extend to the associated contextual details of the positive stimuli (Kensinger et al, 2007). Therefore, the positivity effect is valid only when the memory abilities of younger and older adults are compared and this must not be confused with positive bias (Langeslag and Van Strien, 2009). The positivity effect thus obtained through these experiments could be result of motivational shift in processing of emotional words (Lockenhoff and Carstensen, 2004). Apart from these changes and the neurological effects, stereotyping regarding aging could also be a factor in impacting the cognitive performance in aged people (Hess et al, 2003). From the previous study, there have three patterns observed. First, young and older adults show no bias in remembering arousing words (positive or negative). Second, younger adults remember negative non-arousing words more. Third, older adults show a positivity effect as they remember positive non-arousing words more. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the memory performance decreased overall in recall and recognition tests when participants were primed with negative information. But the study however does not account for the intentional forgetting of emotional words, a process that is quite critical to efficient memory processing (Gallant and Yang, 2014). Also, the present study employed words with no variance in their valence. A persons forgetting behavior is just as important as his ability to remember. Intentional forgetting benefits memory by deleting information that is no longer required. A directed forgetting task is often used to study intentional forgetting (MacLeod, 1998). In an experiment conducted with thirty six younger and older adults each, an item-based directed forgetting task with a series of arousal-equivalent words that differed in valence, a recognition task were conducted. Each word in the list was followed by a cue to either remember it or forget it and a subsequent tagging recognition test was conducted to classify items as to-be-remembered or to-be-forgotten. While the valence of the words had no effect on the selective forgetting of the words by younger or older adults, in the performance of older adults, a goal consistent valence effect was noticed. Older adults tended to assign to be remembered cues to more positive words and listed negative words as to be forgotten. This demonst rated the role of socio emotional selectivity theory and emotion and directed forgetting underlie the age-related positivity effect (Gallant and Yang, 2014). The present study has tested the memory abilities of two groups but failed to consider the effect of age and valence on intentional forgetting. According to Gallant and Yangs study it is possible that both the age groups can intentionally forget words from each category and the tagging of words to be remembered or forgotten is affected by valence and the impact is different for younger and older age groups. This study result could be an extension on existing literature on age differences in memory for emotional words. Also, the present study used words as the emotional stimuli. Arousal plays differential roles in remembering or forgetting based on the emotional stimuli used. Hence, it is not clear if the results obtained with images as emotional stimuli would replicate those obtained with the use of words. By combining the two studies it can be determined whether the positivity effect would also be effective in situations where forgetting might be more favorable. Also, consistent emotional processing based on perspectives have been demonstrated across age groups. While in a standard test younger adults show negativity effect and the older adults show positivity effect when the perspective orientation was changed, the two groups tended to differ in the effects. Opposing perspective based shifts were noticed in the processing of emotion and they took characteristics of the other group. From these results, it is clear that there is an extensive impact of perspective on memory processing that has less to do with a persons chronological age and more to do with the ideologies of a person about his/her life, the opinions which may be inferred personally or through cultural expectations which are likely to impact the memory and cognition. Therefore, in our follow up study we can also take into account the participants perspectives and grouping can be done considering it as an important factor. References Carstensen, L. and Mikels, J. (2005). At the Intersection of Emotion and Cognition. Aging and the Positivity Effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(3), pp.117-121. Charles, S., Reynolds, C. and Gatz, M. (2001). Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), pp.136-151. Chung, C. (2010). Effects of View of Life and Selection Bias on Emotional Memory in Old Age. GeroPsych: The Journal of Geronto psychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(3), pp.161-168. Fung, H., Lai, P. and Ng, R. (2001). Age differences in social preferences among Taiwanese and mainland Chinese: The role of perceived time. Psychology and Aging, 16(2), pp.351-356. Gallant, S. and Yang, L. (2014). Positivity effect in source attributions of arousal-matched emotional and non-emotional words during item-based directed forgetting. Frontiers in Psychology, 5. Hess, T., Auman, C., Colcombe, S. and Rahhal, T. (2003). The Impact of Stereotype Threat on Age Differences in Memory Performance. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(1), pp.P3-P11. Hoyle, R. and Sherrill, M. (2006). Future Orientation in the Self-System: Possible Selves, Self-Regulation, and Behavior. Journal of Personality, 74(6), pp.1673-1696. Kensinger, E. (2008). Age Differences in Memory for Arousing and Nonarousing Emotional Words. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63(1), pp.P13-P18.
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